![]() Kelut’s cloud is not a unique example of persisting ash-containing particles. The Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment (ATTREX) aircraft observed super-micron particles in the lower stratosphere near Guam 3–4 weeks after the eruption that was very likely volcanic ash 3. 2 suggested that sub-micron volcanic ash particles were partly responsible for the aerosol layer. Kelut eruption of 13 February, 2014, with Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 4, was observed for more than three months by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) 2. The stratospheric volcanic aerosol layer from the tropical Mt. However, observations indicate that ash can linger for long periods of time in the stratosphere. Volcanic ash is usually neglected in simulations of changes in the climate and stratospheric chemistry because large, high-density (over 2 g cm −3) particles would be short lived 1. Sulfate aerosols also provide surfaces to activate halogen species, enhancing ozone depletion. sulfuric acid aerosol) scatters incoming solar radiation back to space and cools the surface globally, while its absorption of solar and infrared light heats the stratosphere. It is well known that the sulfate aerosol (a.k.a. The major constituents of volcanic aerosols are liquid sulfate (SO 4 2− in solution with water) originating from sulfur dioxide (SO 2) injections, and volcanic rocks <2 mm in diameter, referred to as ash. Stratospheric volcanic aerosols have altered climate throughout Earth’s history.
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